- Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California.[]
- While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.[27] They called this new technology PageRank; it determined a website's relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.
- A small search engine called "RankDex" from IDD Information Services designed by Robin Li was, since 1996, already exploring a similar strategy for site-scoring and page ranking.[] The technology in RankDex would be patentand used later when Li founded Baidu in China.
- Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a siteEventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol",[][] the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information.[] Originally, Google ran under Stanford University's website, with the domains google.stanford.edu and z.stanford.edu.[][]
- The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997,[] and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in a friend's (Susan Wojcicki[]) garage in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee
- In May 2011, the number of monthly unique visitors to Google surpassed one billion for the first time, an 8.4 percent increase from May 2010 (931 million).[45] In January 2013, Google announced it had earned $50 billion in annual revenue for the year of 2012. This marked the first time the company had reached this feat, topping their 2011 total of $38 billion.
2013 onward
Google announced the launch of a new company called Calico on September 19, 2013, which will be led by Apple chairman Arthur Levinson. In the official public statement, Page explained that the "health and wellbeing" company will focus on "the challenge of ageing and associated diseases".[77]
As of September 2013, Google operates 70 offices in more than 40 countries.[78] Google celebrated its 15-year anniversary on September 27, 2013, although it has used other dates for its official birthday.[79] The reason for the choice of September 27 remains unclear, and a dispute with rival search engine Yahoo! Search in 2005 has been suggested as the cause.[80][81]
The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) was launched in October 2013 and Google is part of the coalition of public and private organisations that also includes Facebook, Intel andMicrosoft. Led by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.[82]
The corporation's consolidated revenue for the third quarter of 2013 is reported in mid-October 2013 as US$14.89 billion, a 12 percent increase compared to the previous quarter. Google's Internet business was responsible for US$10.8 billion of this total, with an increase in the number of users' clicks on advertisements.[83]
In November 2013, Google announced plans for a new 1-million-sq-ft (93,000 sq m) office in London, which is due to open in 2016. The new premises will be able to accommodate 4,500 employees and has been identified as one of the biggest ever commercial property acquisitions in Britain.[84]
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